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 Diamond

Symbol of rarity, uniqueness and beauty is one of the most principal elements in the nature - carbon in a specific crystalline form. Carbon atoms are connected by solid links in such a cubic crystalline lattice.

Diamond Occurence

Diamond is a crystalline form of carbon, which is converted in the conditions of extreme temperatures and pressures. Crystallization of diamond in cubic system takes place under extreme conditions, where the temperature is higher than 1300 °C and the pressure exceeds 70,000 kg per square centimeter, which corresponds to conditions reached 100 to 200 km below the earth surface.

History Of Diamonds

It is likely that the diamonds came to Europe for the first time in the 4th century BC, when they were brought in by Alexander the Great from one of his expeditions. It is said that when Alexander the Great reached the point of the valley whose bottom was full of precious stones, he also saw at the bottom of the valley giant snakes guarding these gems. Alexander, however, succeeded in cheating them and won the gemstones.We already know that one hundred years later the diamonds were already subject of trading.

Diamond Mining

Rarity of diamonds is enhanced also by the immense difficulty of obtaining them. Approximately 160 million carats (32 tonnes) of diamonds at a price of about $ 13.4 billion are mined yearly. Only a small fraction of this volume is designed for jewellery industry, the majority is used in the industrial sphere. Top quality polished diamonds represent about 3% of the world production.The supplies of diamonds are significantly diminishing every year, while the demand for them is rising, which is the cause of continuous rise in the prices of diamonds.

The main sites of the world and the most important centers of diamond trade